Digital Literacy and E-Module Integration in Online Learning: A Systematic Literature Review Using PRISMA Framework
Article Sidebar
Abstract:
Background:Digital transformation has accelerated the adoption of online learning, making digital literacy and e-modules essential for effective learning. However, research trends on their integration remain insufficiently explored.
Aims:This study analyzes research trends, intellectual structures, and the role of digital literacy and e-module integration in online learning through bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review (PRISMA)
Methods:A bibliometric analysis and PRISMA-based SLR were conducted using articles from Scopus and Google Scholar. Data were screened, cleaned with OpenRefine, and analyzed using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer to examine publication trends, collaborations, citations, and research themes.
Results:Publications increased during 2024-2026, with digital literacy, e-learning, online learning, and e-modules as dominant themes. The findings show that digital literacy improves online learning effectiveness, while e-modules enhance engagement, independent learning, and critical thinking. Artificial intelligence and adaptive learning emerged as promising future research topics.
Conclusion:Digital literacy and e-module integration are key factors in improving online learning. This study highlights current research trends, identifies research gaps, and provides recommendations for future technology-enhanced education
Keywords: Digital Literacy;, Distance Learning;, E-learning; , E-Module; , ICT Literacy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yeliza, Mehdi Manoocherzadeh, Hamed Barjesteh

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Ahsani, E. L. F., & Mulyani, S. E. (2020). The Implementation of Distance Learning Based E-Learning for Developing Student’s Life Skills. Didaktika: Jurnal Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar, 3(2), 115–120. https://doi.org//10.21831/didaktika.v3i2.34805
Alowayr, A. (2025). Learning Analytics Systems To Improve the Quality of Students’ Outcomes. International Journal for Quality Research, 19(1), 297–312. https://doi.org/10.24874/IJQR19.01-19
Amaliana, Y., Ramlawati, & Rusli, M. A. (2022). Penerapan E-Module untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Digital dan Hasil Belajar IPA Peserta Didik. Celebes Science Education, I(1), 8–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35580/cse.v1i1.31894
Arfiah, S., Wajidi, F., & Nur, N. (2025). Optimasi Algoritma K-Nearest Neighbors pada Prediksi Penyakit Diabetes. JURIKOM (Jurnal Riset Komputer), 12(3), 230–240. https://doi.org/10.30865/jurikom.v12i3.8615
Bazangika, R. M., Ngoie, R. B. M., Bansimba, J. R. M., Kinyoka, G. K., & Matondo, B. N. (2025). Benchmarking Virtual Physics Labs: A Multi-Method MCDA Evaluation of Curriculum Compliance and Pedagogical Efficacy. Information (Switzerland), 16(7), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/info16070587
Bond, M., Bedenlier, S., Marín, V. I., & Händel, M. (2021). Emergency remote teaching in higher education: mapping the first global online semester. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00282-x
Dhawan, S. (2020). Online Learning: A Panacea in the Time of COVID-19 Crisis. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 49(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239520934018
Eom, S. (2023). The effects of the use of mobile devices on the E-learning process and perceived learning outcomes in university online education. E-Learning and Digital Media, 20(1), 80–101. https://doi.org/10.1177/20427530221107775
Fabre-Mitjans, N., Jiménez-Valverde, G., Guimerà-Ballesta, G., & Calafell-Subirà, G. (2025). Digital Gamification to Foster Attitudes Toward Science in Early Childhood Teacher Education. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 15(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/app15115961
Fahmi, A. N., Yusuf, M., & Muchtarom, M. (2021). Integration of Technology in Learning Activities: E-Module on Islamic Religious Education Learning for Vocational High School Students. Journal of Education Technology, 5(2), 282–290. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v5i2.35313
Fay, T., Costello, D., Driscoll, D., Corcoran, N. M., Costello, A. J., Woo, H., & Mohan, H. (2026). Development and implementation of the IMRA multiplatform Foundations in Robotic Surgery online learning curriculum. Journal of Robotic Surgery, 20(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11701-025-03091-w
Fonda, A., & Sumargiyani, S. (2018). the Developing Math Electronic Module With Scientific Approach Using Kvisoft Flipbook Maker Pro for Xi Grade of Senior High School Students. Infinity Journal, 7(2), 109. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v7i2.p109-122
Gusmaniarti, Mustaji, Widodo, W., Suryanti, Hendratno, & Mariana, N. (2026). The effect of implementing the DACAR online learning model on critical thinking skill as of early childhood. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2026127
Hamid, M. A., Aribowo, D., & Desmira, D. (2017). Development of learning modules of basic electronical secondary school. Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi, 7(2), 149–157. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21831/jpv.v7i2.12986
Hellwig, L., Pawlowski, J. M., Schäfer, M., & Schlüter, J. (2025). Insights from Digitalized Innovation Environments: Fabrication Laboratories as Catalysts for Digital Competency Enhancement. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-025-09881-3
Hooshyar, D., Tammets, K., Ley, T., Aus, K., & Kollom, K. (2023). Learning Analytics in Supporting Student Agency: A Systematic Review. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(18), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813662
Irwan, & Kamarudin. (2021). E-learning dan Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh sebagai Solusi Peningkatan Pembelajaran untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar: Studi Kepustakaan. Jurnal Basicedu, 5(5), 3(2), 524–532. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v5i4.1054
Judith, C., & Romina, C. (2025). European digital competence framework - Fifth edition. In Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2760/7379058
Koh, J. H. L., & Daniel, B. K. (2022). Shifting online during COVID-19: A systematic review of teaching and learning strategies and their outcomes. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-022-00361-7
Kulaksız, T., Steinbacher, J., & Kalz, M. (2026). Innovation in Learning Design Within the Zone of Proximal Implementation: Developing Technology-Enhanced Learning Scenarios for Cancer Professionals. Technology, Knowledge and Learning. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-026-09962-x
Kuluşaklı, E. (2026). Learning strategies and learning styles in distance learning in higher education. Frontiers in Psychology, 16(January), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1659561
Li, B. (2022). Ready for Online? Exploring EFL Teachers’ ICT Acceptance and ICT Literacy During COVID-19 in Mainland China. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 60(1), 196–219. https://doi.org/10.1177/07356331211028934
Mallik, D. M. A. (2025). Improving e-learning systems with secure IoT applications: an SEM analysis focused on tackling low morale among students. In Discover Internet of Things (Vol. 5, Issue 1). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43926-025-00137-1
Miftakhurrohmah, N. L., Masykuri, M., Ariyani, S. R. D. A., & Noris, M. N. (2023). Effect of Guided Inquiry-Based Excretion System E-Module to Improve Critical Thinking and ICT Literacy Skills for Students. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(2), 681–689. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i2.2036
Mohamad, A. H. H., Ab-Rahim, R., Omoregie, A. I., & Hisham, M. H. B. M. (2026). Artificial intelligence and education: A bibliometric analysis of global research trends and future directions. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 9(10). https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2026488
Palanci, A., Yılmaz, R. M., & Turan, Z. (2024). Learning analytics in distance education: A systematic review study. Education and Information Technologies, 29(17), 22629–22650. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12737-5
Pallavi, D. R., Ramachandran, M., & Sathiyaraj, C. (2022). An Empirical Study On Effectiveness of E-Learning Over Conventional Class Room Learning – A Case Study with Respect to Online Degree Programmes in Higher Education. Recent Trends in Management and Commerce, 3(1), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.46632/rmc/3/1/5
Panagiotakopoulos, T., Lazarinis, F., Iatrellis, O., Kiouvrekis, Y., & Kameas, A. (2025). A Technology-Enhanced Learning Approach to Upskill Adult Educators: Design and Evaluation of a DigComp-Driven IoT MOOC. Information (Switzerland), 16(11), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/info16111014
Pande, S., Bezugam, S. S., Bhattacharya, T., Wlazlak, E., Chakravorty, A., Chakrabarti, B., & Strukov, D. (2026). NeoHebbian synapses to accelerate online training of neuromorphic hardware. Scientific Reports, 16(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-35641-z
Pate, A. G. (2021). Lessons learned from reflections on supporting the transition to remote learning following the first lockdown of the Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice, 9(2), 181–188. https://doi.org/10.14297/jpaap.v9i2.479
Radiopoulou, D., Vavougios, D., & Zacharia, P. (2026). Integrating Digital Technologies into STEM Physics for Adult Learners: A Comparative Study in Second Chance Schools. Computers, 15(2), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers15020094
Rahayu, I., & Sukardi, S. (2021). The Development Of E-Modules Project Based Learning for Students of Computer and Basic Networks at Vocational School. Journal of Education Technology, 4(4), 398. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v4i4.29230
Raza, A., Jameel, A., & Azmat, F. (2025). Enhancing Education Through Generative AI: A Multimodal Approach to Semantic Search and Authentic Learning. Education Sciences, 16(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16010022
Sanova, A., Bakar, A., Afrida, A., Kurniawan, D. A., & Aldila, F. T. (2022). Digital Literacy on the Use of E-Module Towards Students’ Self-Directed Learning on Learning Process and Outcomes Evaluation Cources. JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia), 11(1), 154–164. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v11i1.36509
Senkbeil, M. (2026). Explaining social disparities in ICT literacy: the role of multiple socioeconomic status indicators and ICT-related motivations. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-026-13900-w
Setyawan, H., Sukardi, Risfendra, Jalinus, N., Mardizal, J., & Ananda, G. F. (2024). Effectiveness of E-Learning-Based Learning in the Era of Digital Transformation: A Meta-Analysis. Indonesian Journal of Educational Research and Review, 7(2), 333–346. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijerr.v7i2.76166
Sudestra, I. M. A., Wahyudi, A., Gama, O., & Prathama, G. H. (2026). Comparative Performance of Machine Learning Algorithms for Diabetes Prediction. Of Technology and Informatics (JoTI), 8(1), 50–61. https://doi.org/10.37802/joti.v8i1.1195
Tasdelen, O., & Bodemer, D. (2025). Generative AI in the Classroom: Effects of Context-Personalized Learning Material and Tasks on Motivation and Performance. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 35(5), 3049–3070. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-025-00491-9
Trichkova-Kashamova, E., & Paunova-Hubenova, E. (2026). Optimization of Contemporary STEM Learning Methods in a Technology-Rich Environment. Information, 17(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/info17010074
Ulimaz, A. (2025). Efektivitas Pendidikan Jarak Jauh dan Online : Tinjauan Literatur. 11, 242–252.
Yulando, S., Sutopo, S., & Franklin Chi, T. (2019). Electronic Module Design and Development: An Interactive Learning. American Journal of Educational Research, 7(10), 694–698. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-7-10-4